If your vessel is fitted with wires on self-stowing “split drum” winches, the advantage of having these split drum winches is:
Increased brake holding capacity due to the ability to keep the paid out wire in a single layer on the drum.
Less chance of the wire being jammed in the reel.
All the listed alternatives.
The ship has a right-handed propeller and is swinging to starboard when the engines are slow ahead and the rudder is to starboard. The engines are stopped and the rate of swing rapidly slows down. How could the swing to starboard be maintained without the ship making much headway.
By applying the rudder hard over to starboard and going ahead on the engines.
Astern on the engines will allow Transverse Thrust to continue the swing.
The only effective method is by using the bow thruster to push the bow to starboard.
Transverse Thrust will reduce the swing and therefore a kick ahead is necessary with full starboard helm applied.
What do the shapes that this vessel is displaying tell us about her?
That she is engaged in towing.
That she is not under command.
That she is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.
That she is constrained by her draught.
What is the situation of this vessel?
This vessel is not under command, but is making way through the water.
This is a vessel constrained by her draft.
This vessel is not under command and stopped in the water.
What is “AIR DRAUGHT”, in the figure?
Air draught is indicated by B, in the figure.
Air draught is indicated by A, in the figure.
Air draught is indicated by C, in the figure.
Air draught is indicated by D, in the figure.
The ship’s rudder is full over when the ship’s engines are full ahead. Will the turning effect (lift force) of the rudder be changed when the engine is stopped?
No, the lift force is unaffected by the speed of the propeller.
Yes, the lift force will be dramatically reduced when the engines are stopped.
Yes, the lift or turning force will be reduced to about 50 % of the original lift force when the engines are stopped.
No, the turning force applied by the rudder will be maintained within about 90 % of the lift force when going full ahead.
What are we seeing here?
A sailing vessel, seen from astern, where the edges of her sidelights are both visible.
A sailing vessel less than 20 metres in length, displaying the optional combined lantern in lieu of standard sailing lights, seen head-on.
A sailing vessel of less than 10 metres in length, displaying the mandatory combined lantern in lieu of sailing lights, seen head-on.
A sailing vessel, at anchor.
What is important to check when transferring a position from the GPS output to a paper chart?
Ensure that the chart has been corrected up to date.
It is important to ensure that the GPS is setup on 2 dimensional and not 3 dimensional position fixes.
Ensure that the GPS is setup on the same datum as the chart.
Any necessary corrections are applied to convert between the GPS datum and the chart datum.
What special equipment can often provide assistance in locating a survival craft or man overboard and in the water?
A sectored search pattern.
What is the depth of an iceberg below the surface of the sea?
The draught of an iceberg varies with the type of berg and its age.
The depth of an iceberg below the surface is always about one sixth of its total depth.
The draught of an iceberg is about the same as the visible part of the iceberg above the water.
The draught of an iceberg is normally about 3/4 of its total depth.
What is the correct understanding of the term “Block Coefficient” as applied to a ship?
The coefficient of a Block and Tackle.
The restriction of a valve in a pipe to the flow of fluid through that pipe.
The comparisons of the underwater shape of the ship, to a rectangular block of the same extreme dimensions.
The ratio of the waterplane shape of the ship to a rectangle of the same extreme dimensions.
Where can a ship expect an act of piracy to take place?
At the south end of the Red Sea.
You are in an area of restricted visibility. You hear this sound signal. What does it mean?
That there is a vessel in distress nearby.
That there is a vessel at anchor in the vicinity.
That there is a vessel aground in the vicinity.
That there is a vessel engaged in underwater operations in the vicinity. She has divers down.
When plotting a position, where should the Officer of the Watch select as the ships position, when three gyro compass bearings intercept as a triangle (Cocked Hat) and not as a single point?
At the point nearest to the danger, if any.
At the point furthest away from any danger.
At the point nearest the course line drawn on the chart.
At the centre of the triangle.
Which approved publication should be used by a seafarer to help overcome any misunderstanding in communications?
Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary.
The (ISC) Bridge Procedures Guide.
The (IMO) Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) booklet.
The Oxford Concise Dictionary.
Why should Ground Stabilised True Motion display mode be avoided when using the ARPA for anti-collision purposes?
The true vector can never give an indication of collision risk with another ship.
The collision regulations are based on ship courses through the water.
The Relative Motion display and relative vectors is the only display to use for anti-collision purposes.
True motion does not provide the collision risk of other ships.
How can a new officer, just boarding a ship, ensure that he knows the location and operation of all navigational and safety equipment and take account of the operating limitations of such equipment?
By using the equipment on regular watchkeeping duties.
By following the standard company Induction procedures for a bridge watchkeeping officer.
The certificate of competency will ensure the officer has suitable competence in operating the bridge equipment.
By asking other officers and practicing with the use of the equipment.
What actions should the Officer of the Watch take when the ship’s steering gear fails?
Display the NUC signal and consider stopping the engines.
Request the engine room to check the steering gear.
All of the suggested answers.
Call the Master and advise him of the situation.
Which of the four figures illustrated shows the correct position line for the following situation: Latitude 50° 00′ N, Longitude 30° 00′ W, Time 1200 GMT. Course steered: 090° True, Speed: 12 knots, bearing of the sun: 200°, Intercept correction: 00° 02′ Towards (observed altitude – computed altitude).
What would be the effects of a ship passing into shallow water?
The vessel has a tendency to swing to port with a single fixed-pitch right-hand turning propeller.
The ship is less responsive to both rudder and propeller.
There is no noticeable difference in performance of the ship.
The speed is not affected, but more rudder is required to steer the ship.
What is happening here?
These are two vessels engaged in fishing (pair trawling), showing the additional voluntary signals for shooting nets.
These are two vessels engaged in fishing, using purse-seine gear. The searchlights are simply working lights.
This is a vessel engaged in towing a disabled tow, restricted in its ability to manoeuvre, with a searchlight used to highlight the location of the tow.
These are two vessels engaged in fishing (pair trawling), showing the additional volutary signals for hauling nets.
When fastening synthetic fibre ropes such as polypropylene on bitts, for safety and better rope control it is recommended to:
Make two round turns fast on the leading bitt and then figure of eight on both bitts, fig. 4.
Make it fast with round turns on the leading bitt alone, fig. 1.
Make it fast in a figure of eight fashion, fig. 3.
Make it fast on the second bitt alone, fig. 2.
When splicing an eye on a mooring wire (using the recommended 5 full tucks and 2 half tucks) the effective breaking strength of the wire may be affected by the splice. What would be the anticipated change in the breaking strength of the wire?
No reduction in strength.
A reduction in strength of 1 % to 5 %.
A reduction in strength of 30 % to 40 %.
A reduction in strength of 10 % to 15 %.
You are proceeding along a coastal route when you hear this signal. The visibility is severely restricted. What does the signal mean?
There is a vessel at anchor in the vicinity. She is less than 100 metres in length. She is sounding an additional warning to approaching vessels that they are “running into danger”.
There is a vessel aground in the vicinity. She is more than 100 metres in length. She is sounding an additional warning to approaching vessels, directing them to “keep clear”.
There is a vessel aground in the vicinity. She is more than 100 metres in length. She is sounding an additional warning to approaching vessels that they are “running into danger”.
There is a vessel aground in the vicinity. She is less than 100 metres in length. She is sounding an additional warning to approaching vessels to “navigate with extreme caution”.
The ship has a single fixed pitch right-handed propeller and is going astern as illustrated. What is the most likely way the ship will react in these circumstances?
The ship will go straight astern and the heading will remain approximately the same.
The stern will fall off to starboard, making the heading swing to port.
The stern will “back” into the wind and the ship’s heading will swing to starboard.
The bow will “seek” the wind and the ship will swing to port.
When the temperature of the air increases with height it is known as a “Temperature Inversion” and may influence the performance of some instruments on the ship. What should the bridge Officer of the Watch be prepared to happen?
The GPS may give errors of position because of interference of incoming signals from the satellites.
The radar will be show abnormal sea clutter as the pulse is trapped by the inversion.
Abnormal ranges of VHF RT and Second Trace Returns on the radar.
The bearings obtained from the Directional Finder (DF) will not be as accurate as normal.
In the diagram, the amount of water under the keel is indicated by the letter “C”. Which bridge instrument would measure this value?
What is the direction of wind associated with an anticyclone (area of high pressure) in the Northern Hemisphere?
Clockwise around the high pressure.
Directly away from the centre of the anticyclone towards the nearest Low pressure.
Straight towards the centre of the anticyclone.
Anticlockwise around the high pressure.
How will the ship behave if it experiences a complete loss of power (blackout) in the situation illustrated?
The vessel will gradually swing to starboard and the speed will slowly reduce.
The wind will push the vessel sideways, but the heading will not change.
The vessel will continue on course and the speed will slowly reduce.
The vessel will gradually swing to port and the speed will slowly reduce.
Two ships travelling in opposite directions are to pass each other in a narrow river, as illustrated. Explain what is likely to happen as they pass each other?
Due to interaction, the bows will attract each other as they approach, then they will repel each other alongside and as they pass clear, the sterns will be attracted.
Due to interaction, the bows will repel each other, and then when alongside each other the two ships will be sucked together and finally the sterns will be repelled as they start to pass clear.
As they approach, rudder should be applied quickly to avoid sheering into the path of each other. Then as they are alongside they will be attracted and finally repel each other as they pass clear.
There will be very little effect between the two ships as they pass.
Who is responsible for the number and the position of any tugs to be used during a mooring operation?
The Pilot is fully responsible for the number and use of tugs within the port area.
The Master, with consideration of the advice of the pilot.
The Port Authority will dictate the tug requirements and their use within the port limits.
It will be only the wind speed that will determine the required number of tugs and how they are used.
The rudder is in the hard over position with the propeller stopped and the ship turning slowly. On a ship with a single fixed pitch right handed propeller and no thrusters, what can be done to make the ship increase the speed of turn without significantly increasing the forward speed of the ship?
Give the engines a short kick ahead.
Give dead slow ahead on the engines and leave the rudder in the hard over position.
Give full astern on the engines until ship has stopped and then full ahead on the engines with rudder hard over.
Give half astern on the engines as this will increase the rate of turn.
What is the description for a sidelight, as shown in rule 21 of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea?
A red light or a green light, with a minimum range, in a vessel of 50 metres or more, of 3 miles. In a vessel of 10 metres.
A green light on the starboard side and red light on the port side, showing an unbroken light over an arc of 112,5°, from right ahead to 22,5° abaft the beam on the respective side.
A red, green or yellow lantern, showing an unbroken light over an arc of 112,5°.
A green light on the starboard side and red light on the port side, showing an unbroken light over an arc of 135°, from right ahead to 22,5° abaft the beam on the respective side.
The Master arrives on the bridge obviously under the influence of alcohol and states he is taking over the “con” of the ship. What actions should the Officer of the Watch (OOW) take in this situation?
Tell the Master you do not think this is a good idea and retain control of the watch.
Attempt to diplomatically avoid taking any actions that would put the ship or crew into danger and call the Chief Officer for assistance.
Tell the Master you consider him incapable of taking over the responsibility of the watch and that he should retire to his cabin and sleep it off.
Watch the actions made by the Master and if not dangerous, wait until the Master becomes more capable to take control or leaves the bridge.
What is the purpose of a fire wire?
A wire for handling fire buckets.
A wire for pulling burning ships off the pier.
A wire for securing the Fire Tug alongside a burning ship.
A wire for pulling fire-hoses up to the top bridge.
You are proceeding up a river, with berths on both banks. You see this flag hoist on a vessel moored on a berth ahead. What does it mean?
You should proceed at slow speed when passing me.
I am about to depart the berth.
Caution! I have an anchor down.
When should voyage planning be done?
During the pilotage when leaving the berth.
Prior to leaving the berth.
Before the vessel completes the previous passage.
Before the pilot is leaves the vessel at the departure port.
What methods could be introduced into a passage plan for continuous monitoring of the ships position when navigating along a coastline?
The radar ranges of the coastline at all course alteration points.
Conspicuous headlands and navigational marks for taking positions.
All of the suggested answers.
How can the effects of Squat be minimized, when a ship is proceeding in shallow water?
Maintain a speed of about 6 knots and use minimal rudder when manoeuvring.
Enter the shallow water with a stern trim and proceed at a moderate speed.
Maintain a slow speed just sufficient to maintain steerage.
Decrease the speed and keep this ship to the centre of the channel where the water is probably deepest.
The position of the ship is found by taking a series of bearings using a magnetic compass. How should an error of 5° WEST be applied to the compass bearings?
Subtract 5° to the bearings.
The same error applies to all bearings and therefore it can be ignored.
The error should be “High” or “Low” and therefore more information is required.
Add the 5° to the bearings.
The lights here show those that must be exhibited by a vessel engaged in towing, as per rule 24 of the International Collision Regulations. But how long is the tow behind this vessel?
It is more than 50 metres but less than 200 metres.
It is less than 200 metres.
The maximum rudder angle on your ship is 35°. Do you think this is the angle that the rudder is most effective?
No, the rudder is most effective at angles between 10 and 20°.
No, the rudder is most effective at small rudder angles.
No, the most effective rudder angle is about 25 to 30°, this is because the rudder is stalling at 35° angle.
Yes, the rudder is most effective at max angle.
What is important to check when transferring a position from the GPS receiver to a paper chart?
Ensure that the chart has been corrected up to date.
The chart datum is correct for the area the vessel is located.
That the chart datum is also WGS84 or there are corrections.
That it is a “2D” fix and the antenna height is set correctly.
Which of the answers best summarises the information which should be provided for the bridge Officer of the Watch within an effective Voyage plan?
All of the suggested answers.
Contingency arrangements in case of problems.
Courses to steer; distance off dangers; parallel index lines; expected currents; prevailing winds; distance between alteration points.
Expected prevailing wind and weather.
What actions should be taken by the Officer of the Watch if the ship’s steering system totally fails?
All of the suggested answers.
Display the NUC signal and stop the engine(s).
Call the Master and advise them of the situation.
Request the engine room to check the steering system.
What does this signal flag indicate when seen on a vessel in a port approach?
Keep clear. I have divers down.
I am in distress and require immediate assistance.
I require medical assistance.
Which of the following hull shapes would normally provide a directionally stable ship?
A long ship with a narrow beam.
A short ship with a narrow beam.
A short ship with a wide beam.
A long ship with a wide beam.
What does this flag mean?
I have a diver down; keep well clear at slow speed.
My vessel is stopped and making no way through the water.
I wish to communicate with you.
What is the correct understanding of the term “Isobar”?
An “Isobar” is the line showing the direction of the predicted path of a hurricane.
An “Isobar” is a line joining places of equal temperature.
An “Isobar” is the line of the cold front in a frontal depression.
An “Isobar” is a line joining places of equal pressure.
The gyro compass can suffer from a compass error and may need to be allowed for, when steering a course in a dangerous navigational area. What is the probable cause of the error?
Fluctuations in the electrical supply to the compass.
An uncorrected course and speed error.
What would be considered the most favourable heading of a ship when launching a lifeboat?
The ship should lie stopped in the water with the weather on the opposite side to the boat to be launched.
The ship should steer about 100° of the prevailing weather and sea with the boat to be launched on the leeside.
The ship should steer with the prevailing weather and sea on the beam and the boat to be launch on the leeside.
The ship should steer about 30° off the prevailing weather and sea with the boat to be launch on the leeside.
Two ships are meeting in a restricted channel as illustrated. Which of the following actions would be the most suitable to take on both vessels as they approach and pass each other?
Slow down if possible without losing steerage and be prepared for prompt application of rudder to counteract any swing as they approach and pass each other.
Increase speed slightly to pass each other as quickly as possible and thereby reduce the effects of “ship to ship” interaction.
Maintain speed and a straight course on the starboard side of the channel.
Keep as far as possible on the starboard side of the channel and maintain speed to retain effective steerage.
What type of vessel is this and from what direction are you seeing it?
This is a vessel engaged in fishing other than trawling, making way through the water, with outlying gear extending more than 150 m in the direction of the all-round red light. I am seeing her from astern.
This is a vessel engaged in pilotage duties at anchor. I am looking at her port side.
This is a vessel engaged in fishing other than trawling, making way through the water, with outlying gear extending more than 150 m in the direction of the all-round white light. I am looking at her port side.
This is a vessel engaged in pilotage operations, deploying or recovering a pilot. I am looking at her port side.
Once a ship (equipped with self-stowing auto-tension winches) is moored alongside a loading or discharging berth, how is it recommended that the winches are set?
The “spring” winches be left in the auto-tension mode and all other winches with the manual brake on.
The “breastline” and “headline” winches be left in the auto-tension mode and spring winches with manual brake on.
All winches to be left with the manual brake on and out of gear.
All mooring winches be left in “auto-tension” mode.
You are in an area of restricted visibility, close to a port. You hear this signal. What vessel does it come from and what additional information does the signal provide?
A vessel at anchor, more than 100 metres in length. The additional signal indicates that her cable extends at least 25 metres from her bow.
A vessel at anchor, more than 100 metres in length. She is sounding the additional signal to give warning of her position.
A vessel aground, more than 100 metres in length. The additional signal indicates which side the clear water lies on.
A vessel at anchor, less than 100 metres in length. She is sounding the additional signal top give warning of her position.
What is the colour and characteristic of a “towing light”, as defined in the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea?
One of two all-round amber, alternate flashing lights, displayed where they can best be seen.
White, fixed, displayed as an additional light on the foremast over an arc of 225°, from right ahead to 22,5° abaft the beam on each side of the vessel.
Yellow, fixed, seen over an arc of 135° and so arranged as to display 67,5° from right aft on each side of the vessel.
Amber, all-round, flashing, where it can best be seen.
Can anything be done on a vessel with forward speed, to reduce the change in heading caused by a right hand fixed pitch propeller being put astern?
Yes, the rudder can be put to port.
No, the rudder should be kept amidships when going astern and there is little that can be done to reduce the swing to starboard.
The rudder can be cycled from side to side.
The rudder should be put hard to starboard to reduce the water flow to the left side of the propeller.
The ship is sailing in shallow water with reduced Under Keel Clearance. If the ship is steaming with the engines at full RPM, what would be the speed in comparison to the speed achieved in deep water?
It would be very difficult to maintain full deep sea RPM on the engines and therefore difficult to assess the speed.
What corrections must be applied to the echo sounder reading to compare the depth of water with the depth printed on the chart?
The distance between the pulse Transmitter and Receiver.
Allowance for the ships speed.
What is the advantages of a GPS satellite system compared to other navigational aids?
The GPS system has a built-in group of six radio-beacons called a Decca chain.
The GPS system gives information about weather and wave conditions in the area.
The GPS system is based on hyperbola navigation.
The GPS system gives information about position, speed and time continuously world wide.
What would be the stopping distance of a VLCC when proceeding at 8 knots in deep water and the engines are put “Full Astern”?
Varies, but can be determined from trial data.
During an STS operation with one ship at anchor, should an anchor watch be maintained?
Anchor watch responsibility rests with the discharging vessel which would be the vessel which is anchored.
Anchor watch responsibility rests with the vessel which has its anchor down and the ship to ship connections is the responsibility of the other vessel.
Both ships have normal anchor watch responsibility in addition to watching ship to ship fendering, mooring etc.
Anchor watches are not kept as the duty officers will be on deck conducting the cargo operations.
When a ship is lying at anchor in a tidal area using both forward anchors, to what particular aspect should the officer of the watch be paying special attention?
The two anchors will restrict the ships swing with the tide and the ship may not lie to the prevailing current and wind.
The tension on both cables should be similar, to avoid one dragging and all the weight of the ship remaining on the other anchor only.
When the ship swings to the tide the direction of swing should be controlled to avoid the anchor cables becoming wrapped round each other.
The ship will become controlled by the tide and the wind will not be allowed to have any effect on the direction the ship lies at anchor.
What radar device assists in the detection and location of a survival craft?
A personal locator beacon.
Who is ultimately responsible for the voyage plan?
The Second Officer as the official Navigation officer.
The Officer of the Watch (OOW) on duty.
The ship owner will provide overall parameters within which the ship must follow.
When should gangway nets be rigged?
Between sunset and sunrise.
Whenever the gangway is regarded as unsafe.
When it is deemed necessary by the Master of the Chief Officer.
Whenever the gangway is rigged.
How can the effects of Squat be minimized, when a ship is proceeding in shallow water?
Put a small forward trim on the vessel as this stops squat.
Maintain a speed of about six (6) knots and use minimal rudder when manoeuvring.
Enter the shallow water with a stern trim and proceed at a moderate speed.
Maintain a slow speed just sufficient to maintain steerage.
What are the immediate duties of the bridge Officer of the Watch when the ship suddenly runs into a fog bank?
Commence sounding the fog signal and reduce speed to Slow Ahead.
Commence sounding the fog signal and if the radar indicates no echoes in the vicinity, proceed at the normal speed until ships are detected on the radar or until the fog lifts.
Commence sounding the fog signal and call the Master and wait for him to arrive before taking any further actions.
Commence sounding the fog signal, engines on standby, call the Master and lookout, if not already on duty.
With a pilot ladder, the lowest spreader shall be the 5th step from the bottom. At what interval should there be further spreaders upwards on the ladder?
At intervals not exceeding 9 steps.
At intervals not exceeding 12 steps.
It does not matter where the spreaders are fitted.
At intervals not exceeding 15 steps.
The Master has decided to “single up” to a spring line at each end as the last lines to let go whilst unmooring. Which of the following methods should be used to hold the lines, whilst waiting for the order to “let go”?
The line should be turned up on the bitts, fig. 1.
The line should be held on a stopper ready for immediate release, fig. 4.
The eye of the lines should be put on the bitts, fig. 2.
The line should be kept on the warping drum of a deck winch, fig. 3.
Why should Ground Stabilised True Motion display mode be avoided when using the ARPA for anti-collision purposes?
The Relative Motion display and relative vectors is the only display to use for anti-collision purposes.
The true vector can never give an indication of collision risk with another ship.
The collision regulations are based on ship courses through the water.
True motion does not provide the collision risk of other ships.
Two mooring lines are pretensioned equally and have the same length, same breaking strength and same directional load. However, one is made of wire (with a full load elastic elongation of about 1,5 % of its length) and the other made of nylon (with a full load elongation of about 30 % of its length). If a gust of wind increases the load on the lines, how will it be shared?
Wire takes 45 % of the extra load. Rope takes 55 % of the extra load.
Wire takes 55 % of the extra load. Rope takes 45 % of the extra load.
The wire and rope will share the load equally.
Wire takes 95 % of the extra load. Rope takes 5 % of the extra load..
The vessel is steaming off the coast when the engine room informs the bridge it must stop engines immediately. Shortly afterwards they informed the bridge they would need a least three hours to fix it. Which of the following actions would be the most suitable taken by the bridge?
Display the NUC signal, maintain the watch and ask the Engine room to be a quick as possible.
Display the NUC signal, maintain the watch and wait for further developments.
Display the NUC signal, maintain the watch and determine how the ship is drifting and the probable position after 3 hours.
Display the NUC signal and keep a good lookout.
What are the limits of a passage or voyage plan?
It is dependant on the voyage and if there are any river or canal transits.
From Full Away On Passage (FAOP) to End Of Passage (EOP).
You are in open water and clear conditions. You are approaching the pilot station when you hear this signal from a vessel ahead of you. What does it signify?
That the vessel is operating astern propulsion.
That the vessel is altering his course to starboard.
That the vessel is picking up his pilot.
That the vessel is starting his engine and resuming his passage.
This vessel is encountered at the mouth of a river. According to the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions and the illustrated shapes, what type of vessel is it?
This is a vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations. The two balls in a vertical line indicate the side on which an obstruction exists; the two diamonds in a vertical line indicate the side on which it is safe to pass; the ball/diamond/ ball in a vertical line indicate that the vessel is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.
This is a vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations. The two balls in a vertical line indicate the side on which it is safe to pass; the two diamonds in a vertical line indicate the side on which an obstruction exists; the ball/diamond/ball indicate that the vessel is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.
Which is the “CENTRE LINE”, in the figure?
The Fore and aft Centreline is indicated by D, in the figure.
The Fore and aft Centreline is indicated by A, in the figure.
The Fore and aft Centreline is indicated by C, in the figure.
The Fore and aft Centreline is indicated by B, in the figure.
Can the OOW be the sole lookout?
When the visibility is good and the ship is in the middle of the ocean where there is very little shipping.
Never should the Officer of the Watch be the only lookout.
During daylight when visibility and traffic allows.
Only if the ARPA radar is set onto Auto Acquisition with an audio alarm sounding when a ship is detected.
Which statement best describes how land moves, if at all, on an ECDIS set in North-up, relative motion mode?
Land is stopped with the vessel symbol moving across the sea floor.
Land on the chart screen moves relative to the ship symbol.
The land is always in the middle of the screen.
This is a feature only seen on radar displays.
The Second Officer, when on watch on the bridge, is often referred to as the OOW. What does OOW actually stand for?
On official watchkeeping.